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(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. A. I. GRAVIER MAGNBTO AND DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

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(No Model.)

A. 'I. GRAVIER.

MAIGNETO AND DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE. No. 276,390.

Patented Ap1-.24,1883.

vi /Mama WZ/hws ex 6.5. mm. 011/ UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

ALPHONSE ISIDOBE G-RAVIER, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

MAGNETO AND DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHlNE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 276,390, dated April 24, 1883.

Application filed February 9, 1882. (No model.) Patented in France April 2t, 1880, No, 13695!) 56,151; in Italy December 19, 1B81.No.13,692; in Germany December 22, 1881, No. 19,265: in Austria February 12, 1882, No. 41,465,

and in England February ,27, 1882.

'force into currents of a ditferent tension, and

to the transfer, through induction, of electric currents from one circuit to another with or without alteration in the tension or quantity thereof; but it is in part, at least, applicable also to the primary generation of electricity.

The first part of the invention consists in a core or ring of magnetic material-such as soft iron enveloped by two separate bobbins or ets of bobbins of insulated wirein combination with a commutator for connecting the coils of one bobbin or set of bobbins with a source of electricity or electric generator, and for reversing the current in said coils progressively,

so as thereby to induce a succession of currents in the second of said bobbins or sets of bobbins.

The induced currents are of alternately opposite polarity, and may be taken offwithout change; or they may be conimutated and taken off as a continuous current through a second commutator. The latter arrangement embodies the second part of the invention, which consists in the combination of a core or ring, a primary bobbin or bobbins, a coinmutator for reversing the current in the coils of said primary bobbin or bobbins, a secondary bobbin or bobbins, and a commutator for collecting and taking 05 in the same direction the currents induced in said secondary bobbin or bobbins.

The third part of the invention consists in combining the core or ring, the primary and secondary bobbins, and the commutator for the primary or the commutator for both primary and secondary bobbins, a body of magnetic material placed exterior to said bobbins,

and arranged to intensify the inductive action therein.

The fourth part of the invention consists in a combined motor and generatorthatis to say, in an electrical machine having an armature with two separate bobbins or sets of bobbins, the one combincd with a reversing coinmutator, so as to produce by the reaction of the current upon a neighboring magnetic body a rotary movement, and the other being so arranged that currents will be induced thereii'i by the reversal of currents in the primary bobbin or bobbins by the movement with respect to the magnetic body, or by the conjoint action of both.

The combination constituting the third part of the invention may be made to embody also the fourth part thereof by mounting the core or ring, with its bobbins and with the disk of the commutator or disks of the conimutators, upon a shaft journaled in bearings, the exterior magnetic body being held stationary, and the brushes being suitably placed so that the ring will be in unstable equilibrium under the magnetic attraction.

In apparatus embodying any or all the aforesaid parts the commutator brushes or strips can be made to travel over the disk or disks, as well as the said disk or disks to turn under the brushes or strips.

The invention further comprises certain particular constructions, combinations, and arrangements of parts, as hereinafter specified.

In the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification, Figure l is a diagram illustrating the invention. Figs. 2 and 3 are sectional elevations of a machine constructed in accordance with the said invention, Fig. 2 being in vertical cross-section on line as a: of Fig. 8, and in elevation looking to the right, and Fig. 3 in longitudinal section on line 3 y of Fig. 2, and in elevation looking to the left; and Figs. 4 and 5 are sectional elevations in planes at right angles to each other, of another form of machine.

In all the figures, A is the annular core or ring; B, the primary bobbin, 0, the sec ondary bobbin; 1), the plates or sections of the commutator-disk, connected with the coils of the. primary bobbin; E, the plates or sections connected with the coils of the secondary bobbin; F G H I, the commutator brushes or strips, and K the exterior magnetic body. In Fig. 1 the commutator plates or sections E, with their brushes H I, are, for clearness of illustration, placed outside the ring and its bobbins instead of within the same, as usual in practice. a

Referring to Figs. 2 and 3, the magnetic body K surrounds the ring and its bobbins in the direction of its axis, and forms a frame in which is journaled the shaft L, carrying the said ring and bobbins with the commutatorplates. The shaftis insulated from said parts, the heavy shading and solid black indicating insulatingmaterial. Thecommutator-brushes F G H I are attached to posts M, tixed in the frame K, but insulated therefrom. The brushes F G are arranged between the other pair, H I, so that each is in advance of the corresponding brush of the pair H I, or, in other words, so that the poles of each bobbin (considered as a solenoid) are at the neutral point of the other. Z is a pulley keyed to the shaft L. The letters N and S indicate the north and south magnetic poles.

In Figs. 4 and 5 the body K surrounds the periphery of the ring and directly supports the same. Itis provided with cross-bars P,in which the shatt L is journaled, the said shaft carrying the com niutator-brushesF G E Land turning freely in the middle of the ring. Sleeves Q It T V, fixed on the shaft L, but insulated therefrom, as well as from each other, have the brushes fastened thereto at their inner ends. Brushes U N X Y, attached to but insulated from the cross-bars P, bear constantly on the sleeves, and serve to connect the same With the exterior circuits. The pairs of com mutator-brushes are arranged, as before described, with reference to Figs. 1, 2, and 3.

The operation is as follows: Assuming the brushes F G to be connected with the positive and negative poles, respectively, of a galvanic battery or other generator of electricity, the current will then pass into the primary bobbin B through the commutator-plates D at a point opposite the brush F, will there divide and flow thence in opposite directions through the coils of bobbin B, as indicated by the arrows, Fig. 1, and will return through the commutator-plates E and brush G to the battery or other generator. By these currentsin the primary bobbin the core or ring A will be magnetized, and two consequent points will be formed opposite the brushes F Ur-to wit, a south pole opposite the brush F and a north pole opposite the brush G. It, now, the core or ring A, with its bobbins-B 0, be revolved to the left, as indicated by the arrows, Figs. 2 and 3, and the long arrows, Fig. 1, it is evident that the poles N S will (the coinmutator-brushes being stationary) remain iixed in space, but will occupy in succession every part of said core or ring. It is evident thatthe passage of the ring or core and the secondary bobbin U through the magnetic field will generate currents in the coils of said secondary bobbin. Currents will also be induced in the secondary bobbin directly by the change of current in the primary bobbin, and these currents will be added to the former. The induced currents of both kinds (flowing in the direction of the arrows, Fig. 1) will be taken off by the brush H, and, after passing through the exterior circuit, will return by the brush I.

It is obvious from what has been said that the currents will be induced without the exterior magnetic body, K, and in many cases it may be desirable to omit it, as the danger of the coils approaching it too nearly through the wearing away of the hearings is thus avoided; but it properly disposed it will intensify the inductive action. The magnetic body may be permanetly magnetic; or it may be magnetized by induction from the ring or core A, or otherwise. The ring or core and its bobbins can be revolved by any suitable means, as by a belt on the pulley Z. The current in the bobbins will, it is obvious, react upon the magnetic body, and this reaction is or may be utilized to produce the rotation of the ring or core and its bobbin, the machine in this case becoming a combined motor and generator.

By revolving the ring and its bobbins to the right, or in the direction opposite to the arrows, Figs. 1, 2, and 3, the current induced in the secondary bobbin will be in the opposite direction, and will be taken off by the brush I. By connecting the brushes F G, the former with the negative and the latter with the positive pole of the battery or generator, a reversal of the induced currents may be obtained without changing the direction of rotation.

Instead of revolving the ring or core with its bobbins, the commutator-brushes maybe revolved. In such case the consequent poles N S will follow the brushes and will successively occupy every point in the ring or core. Gurrents will, as before, be induced in the secondary bobbins, and will be taken off by the brush H or the brush I, according to the direction of rotation and the connection of the brushes F G with the battery or exterior genorator.

if it be desired to intensity the inductive action by an exterior magnetic body, this should revolve with the brushes; or, it soft iron be employed, a ring thereof may envelop the periphery of the bobbins, in which case the magnetic poles therein will follow the comm utatorbrushes and turn about the axis of the shaft L. The latter construction is shown in Figs. 4-. and 5, wherein the shaft with the commutatorbrnshes is revolved by a belt running on the pulley Z, and wherein, also, the exteriorcircuits areconnccted with brushes through the springs or brushes U W X Y, being on the sleeves Q 1% T V.

The operation, as thnsfar described, has been that of a transformation of currents, the apparatus reproducing on separate circuits the current from a battery or other generator with IOC or without altering the quantity or tension thereof. The primary bobbin may, however, instead of being supplied from an independent source, be supplied with currents from the secondary bobbin. In this case some means for starting the action is necessary-such, for example, as a secondary battery or other generator for producing a primary current; or the residual magnetism of some part, or even terrestrial magnetism, may be utilized. For example, with the machine shown in Figs. 2 and 3, it the body K be permanently magnetic, it is evident that the revolution of the ring A in front of its poles will generate a current in the secondary bobbin,andif this beconnected with the primary bobbin the said current will pass through the latter and will react upon itself. For this purpose it is only necessary to connect the proper brushes-say brush 11 with the brush F and the brushes G I with the exterior circuit.

Both the stationary and the revolving ring above described can be utilized for the production of alternating currents. For this purpose the coils of the secondary bobbin in Figs.2 and 3 may be connected at suitable points with suitable sleevessuch as T V, Figs. at and 5 and the alternating currents be taken off from said sleeves; or the coils of the secondary bobbin in Figs. 4 and 5 may be connected directly with the exterior circuit.

The bobbin B has been described as the primary and the bobbin G as the secondary bobbin; buteithermaybemadeto aetastheprimaryand theotherasthesecondary. Thesizeandlength of wire on the two bobbins may be the same; or it may be different, according to the kind of current which it is desired to produce. Thus the secondary wire may be very long and fine and the primary short and thick, as in the ordinary inductorium or induction coil, if currents of high tension are to be produced. (Jopper wire is preferred. The core or ring may be made of a number of soft-iron insulated wires, which is the preferable construction, and which is shown, or of sheet-iron rolled up like wire or cut to the desired form, or in any other suitable Way. The bobbins should be composed of as many coils as possible, the commutator plates or sections being correspondinglynumerous. Inthedrawingstheplatesare few, in order to render the illustration clearer.

The machines may be utilized to convert an alternating into a continuous current by supplying the primary bobbins with alternating currents, and taking oif the currents induced in the secondary bobbin always in the same direction.

The ring or core with its bobbins may be described as an armature wound with two independent coils, and the exterior magnetic body as a field-magnet.

Modifications may be made in the details of construction, and portions of the invention may be separately used. For example, the known means adopted in old machines for producing quantity or tension currents can be used in the new and improved machines described.

Having now fully described my said invention and the manner of carrying the same into effect, what I claim is-- 1. The combination of the core or ring and the primary and secondary bobbins, with acommutator for including the coils of the primary bobbin in an electric circuit, and for reversing the current in said coils progressively, substantially as described.

2. The combination of the annular ring or core, the primary and secondary bobbins thereon, the commutator plates or sections connected with the coils of one of said bobbins, the commutator-brushes, and the revolving shaft, said brushes and the said plates or sections being the one carried by and revolving with said shaft and movable over or past the other, substantially as described.

3. The core or ring, the primary and secondary bobbins thereon, and the commutator composed of plates or sections, connected with the coils of one of said bobbins and brushes for making contact with said plates or sections, in combination with an exterior magnetic body for intensifying the said inductive action, substantially as described.

4. A galvanic battery or other generator of electricity, its circuit, and a second circuit, in combination with a current-transformer, substantially as described, the same comprising bobbins and their commutators, and operating to transform a continuous current in the firstnamed circuit into a continuous current in the said second circuit, as set forth.

5. The combination of the core or ring, the primary and secondary bobbins, and the commutators for said bobbins, said commutators having eachits brushes between the brushes of the other commutator, substantially as set forth.

6. The combination of the core or ring, the bobbins thereon, the two commutators having each its brushes between the brushes of the other commutator, and the exterior magnetic body, substantially as described.

7. A combined motor and generator comprising a core or ring with two separate bobbins, a commutator or commutators therefor, and an exterior magnetic body, the whole arranged and operating substantially as described.

In testimony whereofl have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ALPIIONSE ISIDORE Gltillllllt.

.Vitnesses ALFRED COINY, R0131. M. HoorER. 

